Seminars in Oncology Nursing
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Pages 30-37 , February 2004

Managing pain in mucositis

  • Joel B. Epstein

      Affiliations

    • Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Interdisciplinary Program in Oral Cancer, Chicago Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Joel Epstein, DMD, MSD, FRCD(C), Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Interdisciplinary Program in Oral Cancer, College of Medicine, Chicago Cancer Center, 801 S Paulina St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
    • ,
  • Mark M. Schubert

      Affiliations

    • Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

References 

  1. McGuire DB, Yeager KA, Dudley WN, et al.  Acute oral pain and mucositis in bone marrow transplant and leukemia patients (data from a pilot study). Cancer Nurs. 1998;21:385–393
  2. Epstein JB, Gangbar SJ. Oral mucosal lesions in patients undergoing treatment for leukemia. J Oral Med. 1987;43:132–137
  3. Epstein JB, Stevenson-Moore P, Jackson S, et al.  Prevention of oral mucositis in radiation therapy (A controlled study with benzydamine hydrochloride rinse). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1989;16:1571–1575
  4. Epstein JB, Stewart KH. Radiation therapy and pain in patients with head and neck cancer. Eur J Cancer Oral Oncol. 1993;29B:191–199
  5. Bergmann OJ, Mogensen SC, Ellegaard J. Herpes simplex virus and intraoral ulcers in immunocompromised patients with haematologic malignancies. Eur J Clin Infect Dis. 1990;9:185–190
  6. Bubley GJ, Chapman B, Chapman SK, et al.  Effect of acyclovir on radiation- and chemotherapy-induced mouth lesions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989;33:862–865
  7. Dignani MC, Mykietiuk A, Michelet M, et al.  Valacyclovir prophylaxis for the prevention of herpes simplex virus reactivation in recipients of progenitor cells transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002;29:263–267
  8. Epstein JB, Sherlock C, Page JL, et al.  Clinical study of herpes simplex virus infection in leukemia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1990;70:38–43
  9. Epstein JB, Polsky B. Oropharyngeal candidiasis (a review of its clinical spectrum and current therapies). Clin Ther. 1998;20:40–57
  10. Trotti A, Bellm LA, Epstein JB, et al.  Mucositis incidence, severity and associated outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy (a systematic literature review). Radiother Oncol. 2003;66:253–262
  11. Epstein JB, Emerton S, Kolbinson DA, et al.  Quality of life and oral function following radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 1999;21:1–11
  12. Borbasi S, Cameron K, Quested B, et al.  More than a sore mouth (patients’ experience of oral mucositis). Oncol Nurs Forum. 2002;29:1051–1057
  13. Chapman CR, Donaldson GW, Jacobson RC, et al.  Differences among patients in opioid self-administration during bone marrow transplantation. Pain. 1997;71:213–223
  14. Dodd MJ, Dibble S, Miaskowski C, et al.  A comparison of the affective state and quality of life of chemotherapy patients who do and do not develop chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001;21:498–505
  15. Epstein JB, Schubert MM. Management of orofacial pain in cancer patients. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 1993;29B:243–250
  16. Schulz-Kindermann F, Hennings U, Ramm G, et al.  The role of biomedical and psychosocial factors for the prediction of pain and distress in patients undergoing high-dose therapy and BMT/PBSCT. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002;29:341–351
  17. Rose-Ped AM, Bellm LA, Epstein JB, et al.  Complications of radiation therapy for head and neck cancers. The patient’s perspective. Cancer Nurs. 2002;25:468–469
  18. Bellm LA, Epstein JB, Rose-Ped A, et al.  Patient reports of complications of bone marrow transplantation. Support Care Cancer. 2000;8:33–39
  19. Stiff P. Mucositis associated with stem cell transplantation (current status and innovative approaches to management). Bone Marrow Transplant. 2001;27:s3–s11
  20. Elting LS, Cooksley C, Chanbers M, et al.  The burdens of cancer therapy (clinical and economic outcomes of chemotherapy-induced mucositis). Cancer. 2003;98:1531–1539
  21. McCarthy GM, Skilling S. Orofacial complications of chemotherapy for breast cancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1992;74:172–178
  22. Sonis ST, Oster G, Fuchs H, et al.  Oral mucositis and the clinical and economic outcomes of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:2201–2205
  23. Kline RM, Meiman S, Tarantino MD, et al.  A detailed analysis of charges for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at a children’s hospital. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1998;21:195–203
  24. Borowski B, Benhamou E, Pico JL, et al.  Prevention of oral mucositis in patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation (a randomized controlled trial comparing two protocols of dental care). Eur J Cancer Oral Oncol. 1994;30B:93–97
  25. Epstein JB, Schubert MM. Oral mucositis in cancer patients. In:  Loeser JD,  Butler SH,  Chapman CR,  Turk DC editor. Bonica’s Management of Pain. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001;p. 730–738
  26. Pederson C, Parran L, Harbaugh B. Children’s perceptions of pain during 3 weeks of bone marrow transplant experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2000;17:22–32
  27. Borgmann A, Emminger W, Emminger-Schmidmeier W. Influence of fractionated total body irradiation on mucosal toxicity in intensified conditioning regimens for autologous bone marrow transplantation in pediatric cancer patients. Clin Paediatrics. 1994;206:299–302
  28. Buchali A, Feyer P, Groll J, et al.  Immediate toxicity during fractionated total body irradiation as conditioning for bone marrow transplantation. Radiother Oncol. 2000;54:157–162
  29. Eisbruch A, Ship JA, Kim HM, et al.  Partial irradiation of the parotid gland. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2001;11:234–239
  30. Epstein JB, Schubert M, Scully C. Evaluation and treatment of pain in patients with orofacial cancer (a review). Pain Clin. 1991;4:3–20
  31. Fitzgibbon DR. Cancer pain (management). In:  Loeser JD,  Butler SH,  Chapman CR,  Turk DC editor. Bonica’s Management of Pain. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001;p. 658–703
  32. Fitzgibbon DR, Richard CR. Cancer pain (assessment and diagnosis). In:  Loeser JD,  Butler SH,  Chapman CR,  Turk DC editor. Bonica’s Management of Pain. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001;p. 623–658
  33. Max MG, Payne R, Edwards WT, et al.  Principles of Analgesic Use in the Treatment of Acute Pain and Cancer Pain. Glenview, IL: American Pain Society; 1999;
  34. Portenoy RK. Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Pain in Oncologic and AIDS Patients. Ed 3.. Newton, PA: Handbooks in Health Care; 2001;
  35. Epstein JB, Vickers L, Spinelli J, et al.  Efficacy of chlorhexidine and nystatin rinses in prevention of oral complications in leukemia and bone marrow transplantation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1992;73:682–689
  36. Epstein JB, Ransier A, Lunn R, et al.  Enhancing the effect of oral hygiene with the use of a foam brush with chlorhexidine. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1994;77:242–247
  37. Dodd MJ, Dibble SL, Miaskowski C, et al.  Randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of 3 commonly used mouthwashes to treat chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;90:39–47
  38. Elad S, Cohen G, Zylber-Katz E, et al.  Systemic absorption of lidocaine after topical application for the treatment of oral mucositis in bone marrow transplantation patients. J Oral Pathol Med. 1999;28:170–172
  39. Epstein JB, Silverman S, Paggiarino DA, et al.  Benzydamine HCl for prophylaxis of radiation-induced oral mucositis (Results from a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial). Cancer. 2001;15:875–885
  40. Epstein JB, Truelove EL, Oien H, et al.  Oral topical doxepin rinse (analgesic effect in patients with oral mucosal pain due to cancer or cancer therapy). Oral Oncol. 2001;37:632–637
  41. Cerchietti LC, Navigante AH, Bonomi MR, et al.  Effect of topical morphine for mucositis-associated pain following concomitant chemoradiotherapy for head and neck carcinomas. Cancer. 2002;95:2230–2236
  42. Berger A, Henderson M, Nadoolman W, et al.  Oral capsaicin provides temporary relief for oral mucositis pain secondary to chemotherapy/radiation therapy. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1995;10:243–248
  43. Giorgi F, Bascioni R, De Signoribus G, et al.  Sucralfate propohylaxis of fluorouracil-induced stomatitis. Tumori. 1996;82:585–587
  44. Epstein JB, Wong FL. The efficacy of sucralfate suspension in the prevention of oral mucositis due to radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994;28:693–698
  45. Meuser T, Pietruck C, Radbruch L, et al.  Symptoms during cancer pain treatment following WHO-guidelines (a longitudinal follow-up study of symptom prevalence, severity and etiology). Pain. 2001;93:247–257
  46. Devulder J, Lambert J, Naeyaert JM. Gabapentin for pain control in cancer patients’ wound dressing care. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001;22:622–626
  47. Ripamonti C, Dickerson ED. Strategies for the treatment of cancer pain in the new millennium. Drugs. 2001;61:955–977
  48. Menzies K, Murray J, Wilcock A. Audit of cancer pain management in a cancer center. Int J Palliative Nurs. 2000;6:443–447
  49. Chapman CR, Hill HF. Prolonged morphine self-administration and addiction liability. Evaluation of two theories in a bone marrow transplant unit. Cancer. 1989;63:1636–1644
  50. Coda BA, O’Sullivan B, Donaldson G, et al.  Comparative efficacy of patient-controlled administration of morphine, hydromorphone, or sufentanil for the treatment of oral mucositis pain following bone marrow transplantation. Pain. 1997;72:333–346
  51. Dunbar PJ, Chapman CR, Buckley FP, et al.  Clinical analgesic equivalence for morphine and hydromorphone with prolonged PCA. Pain. 1996;68:265–270
  52. Dunbar PJ, Buckley P, Gavrin JR, et al.  Use of patient-controlled analgesia for pain control for children receiving bone marrow transplant. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1995;10:604–611
  53. Hill HF, Mackie AM, Coda BA, et al.  Patient-controlled analgesic administration. A comparison of steady-state morphine infusions with bolus doses. Cancer. 1991;67:873–882
  54. Pillitteri LC, Clark RE. Comparison of a patient-controlled analgesia system with continuous infusion for administration of diamorphine for mucositis. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1998;22:495–498
  55. Ashby MA, Martin P, Jackson KA. Opioid substitution to reduce adverse effects in cancer pain management. Med J Aust. 1999;170:68–71
  56. Bruera E, Belzile M, Pituskin E, et al.  Randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial comparing safety and efficacy of oral controlled-release oxycodone with controlled-release morphine in patients with cancer pain. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:3222–3229
  57. Coluzzi PH, Schwartzberg L, Conroy JD, et al.  Breakthrough cancer pain (a randomized trial comparing oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) and morphine sulfate immediate release (MSIR)). Pain. 2001;91:123–130
  58. Payne R, Coluzzi P, Hart L, et al.  Long-term safety of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for breakthrough cancer pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001;222:575–583
  59. Lucas LK, Lipman AG. Recent advances in pharmacotherapy for cancer pain management. Cancer Pract. 2002;10:s14–s20
  60. Ruoff G, Lema M. Strategies in pain management (new and potential indications for COX-2 specific inhibitors). J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003;25:s21–s31
  61. Lema MJ. Emerging options with coxib therapy. Cleve Clin J Med. 2002;69:s176–s184
  62. Mercadante S, Arcuri E, Tirelli W, et al.  Amitriptyline in neuropathic cancer pain in patients on morphine therapy (a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study). Tumori. 2002;88:239–242
  63. Enting RH, Oldenmenger WH, van der Rijt CC, et al.  A prospective study evaluating the response of patients with unrelieved cancer pain to parenteral opioids. Cancer. 2002;94:3049–3056
  64. Vickers AJ, Cassileth BR. Unconventional therapies for cancer and cancer-related symptoms. Lancet Oncol. 2001;2:226–232
  65. Mercadente S, Fulfaro F, Casuccio A. A randomized controlled study on the use of anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with cancer pain on morphine therapy (effects on dose-escalation and a pharmacoeconomic analysis). Eur J Cancer. 2002;38:1358–1363
  66. Magill L. The use of music therapy to address the suffering in advanced cancer pain. J Palliative Care. 2001;17:167–172
  67. Pan CX, Morrison RS, Ness J, et al.  Complementary and alternative medicine in the management of pain, dyspnea, and nausea and vomiting near the end of life. A systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2000;20:374–387
  68. Syrjala K, Donaldson GW, Davis MW, et al.  Relaxation and imagery and cognitive-behavioral training can reduce pain during cancer treatment. A controlled clinical trial. Pain. 1995;63:189–198

PII: S0749-2081(03)00137-2

doi: 10.1053/j.soncn.2003.10.006

Seminars in Oncology Nursing
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Pages 30-37 , February 2004

Article Tools